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Congenital Syphilis

Person holding a stethoscope on a pregnant woman's belly.

Congenital syphilis (CS) is an infection transmitted from pregnant person to child during pregnancy and/or delivery caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. CS can cause severe illness in infants including premature birth, low birth weight, birth defects, blindness, and hearing loss. It can also lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or infant death shortly after delivery. Tests and treatment for pregnant people are readily available. 

 Increases in CS cases appearing to be slowing in some areas, however, there are nearly five times more CS cases in California now than there were in 2014. From 2014 to 2023, female all stages syphilis cases increased over 545 percent and CS cases increased 394 percent, from 104 cases in 2014 to 514 cases in 2023. According to the U.S. CDC, California had the 13th highest congenital syphilis rate of all states in 2023. Thirty-seven (60.7 percent) of California’s 61 local health jurisdictions reported at least one case of congenital syphilis in 2023. Most pregnant females who gave birth to infants with CS received prenatal care late in pregnancy or not at all. ​

Included below are CS specific resources for providers, local health jurisdictions, field investigation, and the public + CS data and surveillance information. General information on syphilis can be found on the California Department of Public Health STD Control Branch syphilis webpage.​

Resources for Providers


**Please note, the STI treatment guidelines and syphilis screening recommendations referenced in this document are out of date. Please refer to the 2021 STI Treatment guidelines for the current treatment regimens, and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Updates Syphilis Screening Recommendations.​

Note: Please check our archive webpage for additional Dear Colleague Letters, Health Alerts and Recommendations, and All Facility Letters.​





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