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maternal, Child & Adolescent Health Division

Every Woman California

Preconception Health Syphilis: The Silent Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)


treating patient

Syphilis is an infection usually spread through vaginal, oral and/or anal sex . Syphilis can also be passed to your baby during pregnancy or birth. Syphilis is curable. Early treatment protects you and your baby.

Would I Have Symptoms?

Many people don't know they have syphilis and have no symptoms.

If symptoms occur:

  • A few weeks after infection: a painless sore may occur on the genitals, mouth, or rectal area and then goes away.
  • A few months after infections: a body rash—which can include the palms of your hands and soles of your feet—may accompany a fever or flu-like symptoms; these also go away..
  • Several years after infection: if left untreated, syphilis can cause damage to the brain or the heart or even cause death. 

Can it Affect my baby?

  • You can feel fine, but your baby can be infected during pregnancy.
  • An infection during pregnancy can result in prematurity, miscarriage, stillbirth, or health conditions in the baby.
  • Early testing and treatment protect you and a future baby.

What Can I Do if I Have Syphilis?

  • Get a blood test to see if you have syphilis, even if you don’t have symptoms.
  • Get treated: Certain antibiotics treat syphilis. Talk to your healthcare provider about getting treatment. Stopping treatment early can put your baby at risk.
  • Tell your partner(s) and make sure they get treated: Don’t have sex until you are both treated so you don’t pass the infection back and forth.
  • Practice safe sex and use a condom: Talk openly to your partner(s) about syphilis and other STIs.
  • Get checked for other STIs and HIV.
  • Get re-tested 3-6 months after treatment: Blood tests help your provider know if the treatment worked.
  • Wait to get pregnant until you are sure your syphilis has been fully treated.

How can I Stay Healthy?

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  • Talk to your provider about prevention:
    • Say something. You deserve care without judgement.
    • Some people take medications, such as HIV PrEP or doxy PEP, to reduce their risk of getting HIV or a STI.
    • If you’ve had STIs before or have multiple partners, you might need testing more than once a year.
  • Practice safe sex: Condoms can reduce the chance of getting an STI.
    • Use with water-based lubricants (oil-based lubricants will weaken condoms)
    • Remember: condoms may not completely cover all sores. If you or your partner have a sore, get tested before having sex.
    • Wait to get pregnant until your provider says you have been fully treated.

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