Chapter 3: Childhood Cancer
A Future of Hope: Advancing Childhood Cancer Awareness, Support, and Research in California
Cancer is the leading cause of death by disease among children in the United States, with nearly 15,800 young people diagnosed each year. In California, 500 of the 1,700 children annually diagnosed with cancer either do not respond to standard treatments or have no standard therapies available to treat their condition. One in five children does not survive, and many survivors live with long-term health challenges due to early, aggressive treatments. Nearly one in three survivors have a severe or
life-threatening condition 20 years after their diagnosis of childhood cancer. In addition, there has been a significant increase in cancer incidence among adolescents and young adults (AYA) (ages 15-39). This chapter includes priorities to address both childhood and AYA cancers.
Childhood cancers are rare and biologically diverse, making them especially difficult to study and treat. Despite these complexities, federal funding for pediatric cancer research remains disproportionately low, only eight percent of the total research budget, while limited commercial incentives leave the pharmaceutical industry largely absent from this space. As a result, progress depends heavily on public and philanthropic funding, which is often insufficient to meet the urgent need. Many childhood cancers still have unknown causes and lack effective treatments, leaving children and families with few options and underscoring the critical need for greater investment and innovation.
California has a unique opportunity to lead on a state and national scale by expanding awareness, support services, and research focused on childhood and AYA cancers. Prioritizing access to education, patient navigation, psychosocial and financial support, access to clinical trials, and survivorship care can improve quality of life throughout the cancer journey. Advancing research through better data collection, broader clinical trial access, and targeted therapies designed for young patients can lead to safer, more effective treatments. With a strong commitment to equity, support, and innovation, California can help ensure that every child facing cancer is met with comprehensive care, dignity, and hope.