Fish
Is fluoridated water harmful to fish? No.
Water fluoridated at 1 ppm has no effect on the growth of tropical or goldfish. (Elwell and Easlick, 1960). Sea water contains from 1.2-1.5 ppm. Marine life forms thrive in water with fluoride concentrations higher than optimal (Kleinberg, 1952).
References
Elwell, K. and Easlick, K. Classification and Appraisal of Objections to Fluoridation, University of Michigan, 1960.
Kleinberg, J.E. 1952. Am. Water Works Assn. Journal, July; 44:595.
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